Analisis dan Evaluasi Risiko Kerentanan Aplikasi Web Berbasis OWASP WSTG dan CVSS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/format.2026.v15.i2.004Abstract
Meningkatnya ancaman terhadap aplikasi berbasis web mendorong perlunya evaluasi yang terstruktur terhadap keamanan aplikasi web perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kerentanan, menilai tingkat risiko, serta menyusun rekomendasi perbaikan pada aplikasi web PT.XYZ menggunakan metodologi Open Web Application Security Project Web Security Testing Guide (OWASP WSTG) versi 4.2. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan pendekatan Black Box Testing untuk menguji tiga kategori, yaitu Information Gathering, Configuration and Deployment Management Testing, dan Error Handling Testing, mengingat objek penelitian merupakan static company profile website tanpa form input maupun mekanisme otentikasi. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan kombinasi tools seperti Whatweb, DNS recon, Fierce, Nmap, Nikto, WAFW00F, dan curl, dengan setiap temuan divalidasi secara manual untuk mengeliminasi false positive, sebelum dinilai tingkat risiko menggunakan Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) versi 3.1. Hasil pengujian dan validasi menunjukkan dua belas kerentanan yang tervalidasi, terdiri atas tiga kerentanan berkategori High dengan rentang skor 7,0 hingga 8,6, enam kerentanan berkategori Medium dengan rentang skor 4,0 hingga 5,9, dan dua kerentanan berkategori Low dengan rentang skor 2,6 hingga 3,1, tanpa ditemukan kerentanan berkategori Critical. Temuan dengan tingkat risiko tertinggi meliputii kondisi Dangling DNS pada subdomain yang mengarah ke infrastruktur pihak ketiga, penggunaan versi PHP yang telah mencapai status End-of-Life pada subdomain, serta eksposur layanan basis data yang dapat diakses dari jaringan publik. Sebanyak enam temuan berkorelasi dengan kategori A05:2021-Security Misconfiguration dan empat temuan dengan kategori A06:2021-Vulnerable and Outdated Components pada OWASP Top 10:2021, yang mengindikasikan bahwa kesalahan konfigurasi dan pemeliharaan komponen perangkat lunak merupakan sumber risiko dominan, dibandingkan dengan kerentanan pada logika aplikasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemutakhiran komponen perangkat lunak yang telah usang, pengetatan kontrol akses jaringan pada layanan basis data dan antarmuka administratif, serta pengelolaan siklus infrastruktur DNS secara berkala sebagai langkah mitigasi guna meningkatkan struktur keamanan aplikasi web secara berkelanjutan.
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