Rancang Bangun Sistem Kontrol Buck Converter Menggunakan PSO-PI Dan GWO-PI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jte.2026.v17i3.010Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi energi terbarukan khususnya photovoltaic membutuhkan sistem pengaturan tegangan yang mampu menjaga kestabilan keluaran ketika kondisi sumber berubah. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membangun sistem kontrol buck converter menggunakan pengendali proportional-integral yang parameternya dioptimasi dengan Particle Swarm Optimization dan Grey Wolf Optimizer. Sistem menggunakan panel photovoltaic sebagai sumber tegangan, modul buck converter LM2596, Arduino Uno sebagai unit pengendali, sensor tegangan dan INA219 sebagai umpan balik, serta lampu DC sebagai beban dengan setpoint 14 V. Optimasi menghasilkan parameter PSO-PI Kp = 0,85 dan Ki = 420,0, sedangkan GWO-PI Kp = 0,92 dan Ki = 520,0. Kinerja kedua metode dibandingkan berdasarkan waktu pemulihan, rata-rata tegangan keluaran, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, error maksimum, bias, Integral Absolute Error, dan Integral Square Error. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan GWO-PI memiliki waktu pemulihan 34 ms, lebih cepat dibandingkan PSO-PI sebesar 40 ms. GWO-PI menghasilkan rata-rata tegangan keluaran 14,017 V, MAE 0,019 V, RMSE 0,023 V, dan bias 0,017 V, sedangkan PSO-PI menghasilkan 14,059 V, MAE 0,059 V, RMSE 0,060 V, dan bias 0,059 V. Ketika tegangan masukan berada di bawah 14 V, kedua metode tidak mampu mempertahankan setpoint karena karakteristik buck converter hanya dapat menurunkan tegangan. Secara keseluruhan, GWO-PI memberikan akurasi tracking dan kemampuan pemulihan yang lebih baik.
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