Pengaruh Penambahan Diffuser terhadap Performa 3D Print Turbin Hidrokinetik Helical Savonius (Twist Angle 45o)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v7i2.2853Keywords:
3D PRINT TURBIN HIDROKINETIK, helical Savonius, Turbin HidrokinetikAbstract
Energi potensial dan energi kinetik air merupakan salah satu bentuk energi terbarukan yang sangat potensial dan terus dikembangkan di Indonesia. Tenaga hidro (hydropower) adalah energi yang diperoleh dari air yang mengalir. Potensi energi yang dimiliki air dapat dimanfaatkan dan dirubah ke dalam wujud energi lain seperti energi mekanis dan energi listrik. Teknologi yang memanfaatkan tenaga hidro yang berasal dari arus sungai, saluran irigasi dan lautan ini sering disebut sebagai teknologi hidrokinetik yang merupakan jenis tenaga hidro terbaru. Teknologi ini dapat berfungsi secara efektif pada kecepatan air yang rendah bahkan pada kecepatan air 1 m/s. Teknologi ini cocok dimanfaatkan di desa terpencil yang posisinya di tepi sungai dengan sudut elevasi yang rendah. Pemasangan teknologi hidrokinetik yang mudah yaitu dengan memasukan bodi turbin secara mengapung. Cara penempatan bodi seperti ini yang menyebabkan biaya instalasi lebih murah dibanding turbin air lain ( kaplan, francis dan lain – lain) maupun sumber energi angin dan energi surya.
Turbin jenis Savonius dipilih karena beberapa kelebihan, antara lain biaya manufaktur rendah, mampu berputar pada kecepatan air yang rendah, mampu menerima aliran air dari segala arah dan memiliki starting awal yang mudah. Untuk peningkatan performa turbin Savonius dipilih profil sudu yang tepat dan penambahan diffuser. Dalam penelitian ini dipilih profil sudu tipe helical savonius. Kelebihan turbin jenis helical savonius rotor ini memiliki nilai positif pada nilai koefisien torsi statis, sedangkan pada jenis turbin savonius biasa memiliki nilai koefisien torsi statis negatif pada 1350-1650 dan 3150-3450 dalam satu siklus 3600. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa turbin angin helical savonius pada sudut puntir 450 jika diterapkan menjadi turbin hidrokinetik. Selain itu penelitian ini juga dilakukan dengan menambahkan diffuser pada sisi inlet yang bertujuan untuk lebih meningkatkan efisiensi turbin bila dibandingkan dengan tanpa penambahan diffuser. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen, diuji pada beberapa variasi angka Reynold antara lain 1,2×〖10〗^5 (V = 0,6 m/s); 1,5×〖10〗^5 (V= 0,75 m/s) dan 1,8×〖10〗^5 (V= 0,9 m/s). Peneliti menguji pada kecepatan air rendah agar dapat diaplikasikan di sungai maupun saluran irigasi.
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