Main hazard control and hazardous material handling in environment testing laboratory

. The increase in products from chemicals is currently growing rapidly in the Indonesian manufacturing industry. This correlates with a chemical test laboratory that is experiencing a flurry of activity. The placement of chemicals in testing laboratories still does not have problem-solving that can make it easier to search for other potential dangers. So far, the placement of chemicals is not based on hazard, but only on phase differences, namely solid and liquid phases, as well as materials that are frequently and rarely used can pose a hazard. This study aims to provide knowledge about main hazard control to all employees and propose material hazard handling in environmental laboratory testing following the material MSDS. This research method uses the concept of re-layout chemicals in the laboratory based on the type of danger they cause by collecting data obtained from MSDS, literature review studies, references from books, government regulations, and the Merck China website to see the characteristics of chemicals that will be placed in the material stock storage room. This study found a layout mapping of chemicals in the materials storage room, with 3 storage areas and 2 additional storage areas. The result of this research is that Cabinet A is filled with harmless solid phase materials and a class of toxic substances. The chemicals in cabinet B, consist of solid-phase materials that are corrosive, harmless, irritating, carcinogenic, and highly flammable. Whereas on shelf C letter L it consists of liquid phase materials which are harmless, corrosive, dangerous, flammable, highly flammable, highly flammable, carcinogenic or toxic. Whereas Container D contains chemicals that have oxidizing properties and Cabinet E contains chemicals that are highly flammable in water.


Introduction
Along with the increase in chemical production in various manufacturing industries that use chemicals, external laboratories also urgently need to check the quality of chemicals (Geueke et al., 2018).Testing Laboratory is a laboratory to carry out testing or separation processes both chemically and physically (Pranoto et al., 2020).In the testing laboratory, this is closely related to the several types of chemicals that will be used and their placement will determine the continuity of the examination (Beatrix & Triana, 2019).Before using chemicals, it is very important to pay attention to the properties and characteristics of these chemicals because if not paid attention to, it will indicate a work accident (Manurung et al., 2021).Basic security before using chemicals is very important and there must be management of chemical storage management (Kong et al., 2019).
Each chemical has a different level of hazard, the user must read and follow the warning label instructions (Bhuiyan et al., 2019).All chemicals used must have a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).This MSDS provides information about the potential hazards of the commercial substance to be used and the safety or countermeasures that need to be followed by the user or users (Digiesi et al., 2018).Agencies or institutions must keep MSDS provided by suppliers or distributors (Rembulan & Maratama, 2022).The strategy for storing chemicals is a priority plan to achieve the goals of occupational safety and health in a test laboratory (Aprilia et al., 2023).In terms of storing materials and chemicals, a strategy is a plan that is carried out to store materials and materials correctly to reduce the risk of accidents in the laboratory (YörükoĞlu et al., 2017).Storage and arrangement of chemicals must be considered based on physical and chemical properties, especially the level of danger (Dallinger et al., 2020).Storage of chemicals can refer to the MSDS for each material that should already be owned by the agency as a supplier of basic materials for processing chemicals (Digiesi et al., 2018).
In the testing laboratory, materials are grouped based on solid and liquid and based on how often the material is used, with a material usage system using the First In First Out (FIFO) method (Bhuiyan et al., 2019).However, some chemicals should not be stored close to other chemicals because they can cause hazards such as fire, explosion, and others (Zhou et al., 2018).So that these materials must be stored specifically, separately, arranged, and controlled in storage with other chemicals (Tarnada et al., 2021).Based on these phenomena, the storage of chemicals carried out in observation laboratories is still not appropriate, because chemicals are not placed based on the hazardous nature of the materials used.So the management needs a method of storing chemicals so that accidents do not occur in the storage of materials in the laboratory.
The problem that has occurred in chemical laboratories so far is that there is no specific layout regarding the sampling of chemicals based only on the type and composition of the material.This is dangerous when picking and placing because chemicals will be mixed between harmless chemicals and dangerous chemicals.This phenomenon will result in the contamination of nonhazardous chemicals into dangerous chemicals and can potentially interfere with the collection of types of materials so that they will be mixed up during laboratory testing.
The new approach from this research is how management can control the main hazards from available chemicals if there is a mismatch in handling.In addition, how to handle hazardous chemicals in the Environmental Testing Laboratory to avoid the dangers of explosions, fires, and environmental pollution.Management must be able to control the MSDS control and the proper placement according to the type of chemical.Collecting data from literature reviews obtained from previous research, MSDS and other documents makes this research more focused and conceptual in finding new problem-solving in the handling of hazardous chemical laboratory settings.This research aims to provide knowledge about controlling the main hazards to all employees and propose handling material hazards in environmental laboratory tests according to material MSDS.The knowledge that must be obtained and understood by all employees is knowledge of the symbols for dangerous chemicals, health care to avoid chemicals, emergency response in the event of an accident exposed to chemicals, and knowledge of the placement or groups of chemicals.

Methodology
This research is a type of descriptive research that describes how the arrangement of material storage areas is designed based on the level of hazard and ensures it is safe to be placed side by side according to the cabinets and material shelves available in the company.Collection of research data through direct observation in the laboratory to see how things are in the field, and what things are happening and to formulate problems to be raised.
The author also conducts interviews or discussions with the person in charge of the supervisor regarding how chemical data collection is obtained from the MSDS to see the characteristics of the chemicals that will be placed in the material stock storage room.Apart from that, the research also conducted literature studies or preparatory materials by collecting and studying references from books, government regulations, and the Merck China Web.The detailed research stages can be seen in Figure 1.
Based on Figure 1 the stages of this research were carried out by mapping the hazards of chemicals in the storage arrangements for hazardous materials in the testing laboratory as follows: ✓ Stage 1 is to conduct interviews with the person in charge of the supervisor regarding the storage of materials in the stock room.Collecting data on lot numbers, catalog numbers, and trademarks of each available chemical.✓ Stage 2 is to look for the MSDS on each website's website by entering the lot number and the material name catalog.Conduct MSDS literature for each material by recording its hazard category.

Result and Discussion
In this section, the results of this research will be discussed along with the discussion adjusted to the research steps that have been made and compiled in the previous section.

Stage 1 Interview results with supervisors and collected data
Interviews were conducted with the person in charge of the supervisor to find out the mechanism for preparing the placement of chemicals in the material stock room.Based on the interview results, the following information was obtained: ✓ The stock room is arranged based on phase differentiation, namely for 2 material cabinets containing solid phase chemicals and 1 L shelf for liquid materials and based on the frequency and infrequent use of materials.✓ But there are still liquids in the cupboards and solids on the shelves because the space is no longer sufficient, so they are arranged to fit and tidy.✓ The supervisor asked us to arrange the materials based on the level of hazard or hazard and then safely place them side by side.
The results of creating Hazardous Material Mapping (HMM) to be able to collect data obtained through observation, Table 1 is the result of data collection.Based on Table 1 collects data on lot numbers, catalog numbers, and brands of each available chemical by going directly to the material stock room.Other studies for the evaluation of chemicals in the laboratory are adjusted to the space and space available (Kelly et al., 2017).After obtaining the catalog number, lot number, and brand data, a search for MSDS data is carried out on the web for the brand of each chemical by entering the catalog number and lot number, then downloading each MSDS for the latest year's edition.The downloaded MSDS can be seen in Figure 2.  2. Based on Table 2, the distribution of chemical hazard categories according to mapping is divided into 2, namely chemicals made from solid and liquid (Karthikeyan et al., 2018).The basis for grouping them is based on the 2 categories above and then separately arranged according to the classification of shelves available in the laboratory room.

Stage 3 Categories Hazards and Analysis of the Highest Level of Hazard
In step 3 generate the hazard category and analysis of the highest hazard level intended to classify chemicals based on the level of hazard that will affect humans and the surrounding environment.
The hazards category can be seen in Table 3.After obtaining the hazard data for each material, a review of the hazard code contained in the MSDS is carried out to see the smallest hazard code.Based on the purple book, the ninth edition of the 2021 edition, seen from annex 1, it was found that the smaller the hazard code, the higher the level of danger (Oktavilia et al., 2020).To find out and determine the higher level of danger, all employees must know the danger code for each chemical.The smaller the danger code number, the higher the potential danger posed by the chemical.The smallest and highest danger codes can be seen in Table 4.  4 there is the highest hazard that must be prioritized.The next step is to make a mapping of material placement based on 2 cabinets and 1 letter L shelf provided by the company.While in the middle of the review process, 1 cupboard for oxidizing materials and 1 small cupboard for flammable materials were added.The arrangement in the laboratory room related to the grouping of chemical materials depends on the condition and size of the room to create safety and control hazards (Bernabeu-Martínez et al., 2018).
This research provides a proposal for management to utilize the existing cabinet in the laboratory.
There are 5 existing cabinets named cabinets A, B, C, D, and E. The proposal submitted is in the form of new problem-solving in mapping the layout of dangerous chemicals based on the potential dangers they cause, so it is hoped that this will prevent the emergence of something undesirable.such as explosions, fires, and pollution of the surrounding environment.

Stage 4 New Problem-Solving of Storing Chemicals
After finding the highest hazard or the hazard that should be prioritized for each material, arrange the materials in the available places, namely 2 material cupboards and 1 letter L long shelf of material concerning the Merck China table which has hazard signs.The materials can be placed side by side or cannot be placed side by side.Merck tables can be seen in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Merck China Mapping Chemical
The description of the color of the hazard lights up as follows: Flammable liquid Flammable solid

Substances prone to spontaneous combustion
The substance is flammable in contact with water Based on Figure 3, the (+) sign means that the dangerous chemical can be grouped in a cabinet and conversely the (-) sign means that the chemical cannot be grouped in the same cabinet.Figure 3 makes it easier for employees to lay out hazardous chemical materials in the sample laboratory section.The composition of Merck China Mapping Chemical was obtained from previous research (Zhu et al., 2017).
After obtaining Merck China chemical mapping which can facilitate the mapping and preparation of chemical materials found in the laboratory environment (Williams et al., 2017).The next step is to generate material laying mapping data which is documented in the material placement layout database.The material layout mapping can be seen in Table 5.  5, there is a mapping of the placement and addition of material storage areas with the H272 hazard code and the H260 hazard code.On H272, it requires closed storage.Based on the Merck China hazard table, the oxidizer cannot be combined with flammable materials, while in the liquid phase, storage is placed on an open shelf so that the possibility of a reaction is quite large because the oxidizer is not stored in a closed place.Places for storage of oxidizing materials can use double containers for the first container to be kept in drums, tubs, or trays (Geueke et al., 2018).Meanwhile, for the H260 hazard code, non-flammable cupboards can be used on a small scale because this material must be isolated from other materials.
For The materials above are excerpts from materials available in the testing laboratory.In the process of mapping the layout of materials, it can be observed from the highest level of hazard, so it is not recommended to place only phase differences and be neatly arranged because the chemicals in the testing laboratory have an important role (Zhou et al., 2018).Every company that uses chemicals must be replaced according to the procedure.Chemicals that are not placed based on their hazards and procedures can cause losses to analysts, resulting in work accidents or loss of company assets in the form of fire (Bhuiyan et al., 2019).
In addition to chemical mapping, it must be ensured that the room has ventilation, air conditioning, a Light Fire Extinguisher (LFE), keep it away from sources of fire, and complete personal protective equipment is available.To maintain security, the company is required to carry out room maintenance, such as checking equipment cupboards for whether they are damaged or not and making sure the storage area is suitable for use.

Conclusion
In this conclusion section, the conclusions from the research will be discussed to answer the research objectives.This study found that there was a mapping of hazardous materials in the testing laboratory placing materials in the available places and there were additional storage areas for Hazard codes H272 and H260.With the H272 storage type using multiple containers, the first container must be stored in a drum, tub, or tray.While the H260 uses a small cupboard that is not flammable.
This research also resulted in a new problem for mapping chemicals in laboratory test rooms.In the layout of cabinet area A, there are non-hazardous solid phase materials and toxic materials classes, because, in the Merck China table, toxic materials can be placed side by side with other toxic grades but toxic materials cannot be placed with corrosive materials.These ingredients consist of Sodium molybdate dihydrate, Cadmium Powder Column, N, N-dimethyl-1,4phenylenediamine oxalate, and Sodium Nitroprusside dihydrate.Cabinet B consists of corrosive, harmless, irritating, carcinogenic, and highly flammable solid phase materials in the Merck China hazard table, which are safe to be placed side by side, with materials, namely Potassium Cyanide, Iron(II) Sulfide, Potassium Chromate, pararosaniline, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene.And finally, shelf C letter L consists of liquid phase materials that are non-hazardous, corrosive, dangerous, flammable, highly flammable, highly flammable, carcinogenic or toxic.In preparation for toxic and corrosive hazards, they are separated so that they differ from end to end, and the others are placed safely side by side.The composition consists of Glycerol, Iron (III) Chloride, Chloroform, Acetyl Acetone, Tetrahydrofuran, Dimethyl amine, N-Hexadecane, and Phenol.
The contribution of this research to the sample laboratory department can be to arrange or create a layout of dangerous chemicals based on the type and potential danger they will cause.So that all laboratory employees can easily search for samples of these dangerous chemicals, know how to handle these dangerous chemicals, and prevent fire accidents and other potential harm to employees and the environment.For further research, researchers recommend controlling chemicals, both incoming and outgoing materials, using a barcode system so that they are connected to the industrial digitization system 4.0.This digitization hopes that many can easily control material inventory regularly.The advantages of digitalization for chemical control reduce waste of time in the process of receiving, storing, and dispensing chemicals because everything is stored in the system.

✓
Stage 3 is to categorize hazards, the management can use Government Regulation (GR) No. 74 of 2001 concerning Management of Hazardous and Toxic Materials, article 5 paragraph 1. Analyze the highest level of hazard for each material based on its various hazards with the book (Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHSCLC), Ninth Revised Edition, 2021) Annex 1. ✓ Stage 4 the storage of chemicals carried out in the observation laboratory is still not appropriate, because the chemicals are not placed based on the hazardous nature of the materials used.So the management needs a new solution for storing chemicals so that accidents do not occur in the storage of materials in the laboratory.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Downloaded MSDS of Chemical Materials Furthermore, from the MSDS that has been downloaded, literate MSDS for each material for its hazard category concerning GR No.74 of 2001 concerning the management of hazardous and toxic materials, article 5 paragraph 1. Hazard data for each material obtained from MSDS based on GR can be seen in Table2.

Table 1 .
Chemical Specifications

Table 2 .
Hazard Category Results

Table 3 .
Hazard Categories

Table 4 .
Smallest and Highest Hazard Code Data

Table 5 .
Material Laying Mapping Data Cabinet A, there are non-hazardous solid phase materials and a class of toxic materials, because in the Merck China table, toxic materials can be placed side by side with other toxic levels but toxic materials cannot be placed with corrosive materials.These materials consist of Sodium molybdate dihydrate, Cadmium Powder Column, N, N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine oxalate, and Sodium Nitroprusside dihydrate.For cabinet B, it consists of corrosive, harmless, irritating, carcinogenic, and highly flammable solid phase materials in the Merck China hazard table, which are safe to be placed side by side, with the materials, namely Potassium Cyanide, Iron (II) Sulfide, Potassium Chromate, Pararosanilin, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene.And finally, rack letter L consists of liquid phase materials that are not hazardous, corrosive, dangerous, flammable, highly flammable, highly flammable, carcinogenic, or toxic.In the preparation of toxic and corrosive hazards, they are separated so that they differ in end-to-end placement, and the others are safely placed side by side.The ingredients consist of Glycerol, Iron (III) Chloride, Chloroform, Acetyl Acetone, Tetrahydrofuran, Dimethyl amine, N-Hexadecane, and Phenol.