FUNCTIONS OF THE THREE RHETORICAL APPEALS IN ONLINE LEARNING COMMUNICATIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Dery Permatasari, Yoyoh Hereyah

Abstract


Online learning from home with an online learning method policy during the Covid-19 pandemic gave rise to a rhetorical situation. ‘Boundaries,’ one of the rhetorical situation dimensions, present barriers to online learning communication. In this ‘urgent’ situation, we need to apply the three rhetorical appeals; ethos, pathos, and logos. The research aims to determine how teachers use the three appeals of Aristotelian rhetoric, ethos, pathos, and logos, to persuade students to build efective online learning communication during the Covid 19 pandemic. Using the theory of the three appeals of Aristotle’s rhetoric; ethos, pathos, and logos. Rhetorical analysis carried out the entire function of ethos, pathos, and logos to obtain a complete fgure of application ethos, pathos, and logos in online learning communication. This qualitative descriptive research uses the case study method. It was found that in order to build efective online learning communication all rhetorical appeals, ethos, pathos, and logos must be applied as a whole. Ethos can be found in the ability to use internet-based learning media. Logos can be found in explaining learning material systematically and logically. Pathos can be found when teachers try to empathize, provide motivation, and build students’ awareness to obey the rules in online classrooms.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aristotle, 384 BC-322 BC (author); W.R. Robert (translator). (2004). Rhetoric/Aristot-

le translated by W. Rhys Robert. Dover thrift editions. Dover Publications, Inc. NY: USA. D.S. Translation Handayani. 2018. Rhetoric (The Art of Speaking). BASABASI Publisher. Yogyakarta.

Akayya (2020). An Analysis of the Persuasion Strategies Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 15(2), 351–370.

Browning, E. (2018). Rhetorical Analysis. In E. Browning, K. DeVries, K. Boylan, K. Jenifer, & B. Katelyn, Let’s Writing! (p. 27). Virginia downloaded on April 3, 2022, at 7:48 p.m.

Campbell and Ofenhuber. 2019. Feeling Numbers: The Emotional Impact Of Proximity Techniques In Visualization. Information Design Journal, 25(1), 71–86.

Creswell, J. W. (2009, 2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (3rd e. Los Angeles, Sage Publications

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design : choosing among fve approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, California, United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Creswell, John W. and Creswell, J. David. (2018). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches ( Fifth edition ed.). Los Angeles, California, United States of America: SAGE Publications, Inc.

De la Rosa, M.A. 2020. A Classics-inspired refection on current educational challenges.

FEBS Networks. https://network.febs.org/posts/online-teaching-and-aristotle-s-pillars-of-rhetoric June 16, 2021 (02.26).

Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S. (2018). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (5th ed.). Los Angeles, United State of America: Sage Publications, Inc.

Devito, J. A. (2012). Human Communication The Basic Course (Twelfth ed.). USA: Pearson Education.

Eyman, D.(2018). Digital Rhetoric: Theory, Method, Practice (Digital Humanities) (4th ed.).

California, USA: University of Michigan Press.

Haskins, W. 2010.2015. Ethos and pedagogical communication: Suggestions for enhanc-

ing credibility in the classroom. Current Issues in Education, 43-45 (2010) in http://cie.ed.asu.edu/volume3/number4/ no longer available and (2015) move to http://cie.asu.

edu/ojs/index .php/cieatasu/article/view/1616.

Heryana, A. (2018). Informants and Selection of Informants in Research Qualitative

Hidayat, D., and Noeraida, N. (2020). Communication Experience of Students Conducting

Online Classes During the Covid-19 Pandemic. JAKE Journal of Securities Communica-

tion Studies, 3(2), 172-182.

Kamaruddin, A. 2020. Rhetorical Persuasion By Adapting Logos In Public Speaking. (I Come’20) International Conference On Communication And Media . The European Proceedings of Social and Behavioural ScienceEpSBS.

Kusnohadi, K. (2015). Applying Persuasive Communication in Training. Technodic Journal, 19(3), 333-350.

Little John (2009). Encyclopedia of Communication Theory.

Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 on the National Education System. July 8, 2003. State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2003 Number 4301. Jakarta.

URL: http://sindikker.dikti.go.id/dok/UU/UU20-2003Sisdiknas.PDF)

Downloaded on July 14, 2021, at 02.05

Law No. 14 of 2005 article 10 paragraph 1 concerning Teachers and Lecturers in the Independent Learning Module for the 2020 PPG Program. Pedagogy Module 2

Ministry of Education and Culture and M. Ali. (2020). Independent Learning Module for PPG 2020 Program. Pedagogy Module 3: Innovative Learning, KB 3: Digital Learning.

Ministry of Education and Culture, PPG. (2020). Independent Learning Module for PPG 2020 Program. Civics Module 2, KB 4: Teacher Professional Interaction Communication.

Ministry of Education and Culture, PPG. (2020). Independent Learning Module for PPG 2020 Program. Pedagogy Module 2 The Role of Teachers in 21st Century Learning, KB1:

Characteristics of 21st Century Learning, KB 2: Profle and Competencies of 21st Century Teachers

Minnesota University (2016). Intro to Communication Studies.

Morissan. (2019). Qualitative Studies (1st ed.). Jakarta: Kencana Publisher.

Murdiyanto, E. (2020). Qualitative Research (Theory and Application with sample proposals). Institute for Research and Community Service UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta

Nuryadin RI, Ultimate INA. (2019). Communication Of Lecturer In Digital Era With Aristote-

lian Rhetorical Approach. Science Journal, 2(3), 143-145.

Permendiknas No. 16 of 2007 concerning Academic Qualifcation Standards and Teacher Competencies in Independent Learning Modules for the 2020 PPG Program. Pedagogy Module 2

Press Release Number: 66/Sipres/A6/III/2020“Kemendikbud Imbau Pendidik Hadirkan Belajar Menyenangkan Bagi Daerah yang Terapkan Belajar di Rumah ,” 23 Maret 2020. Biro Kerjasama dan Hubungan Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, www.kemdikbud.go.id

Rajiem. 2012. History and Development of Rhetoric. Humanities, 17(2), 142-153.

Raco, J. (2010, 2018). Qualitative Research Methods, Types, Characteristics, and Advantages, Jakarta,

Rahardjo, M. (2017). Case Studies in Qualitative Research: Concepts and Procedures. http://repository.UINMalang.ac.id.//1104/1/studi-case-dalampenelitian-kualitatif.

SE Mendikbud Number 36962/MPK.A/HK/2020, Online Learning and Working from Home

to Prevent the Spread of Covid-19, March 17, 2020, Kemdikbud Website, URL:https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2020/03/se-kemendikbud-online-learning-and-work-from-home-to-prevent-spread-covid19. Downloaded on July 11, 2021, at 18:41

SE Secretary General Number 15 of 2020 concerning Guidelines for Organizing Learning from Home in an Emergency Period for the Spread of Covid - Ministry of Education and Culture Website, URL: https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2020/05/se-sesjen-pe-

doman pengelenggaraan-learning-from-home-in-the-emergency-spread-covid1919 downloaded on July 11, 2021, at 19.50

Sugiyono. (2019). Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative, R&D. (2nd.). Bandung: Alpha Beta.

Sweet, D. R. (2009). “The Rhetorical Turn.”. In T. Pierce

Saroni. 2017. The Role of Rhetoric in the Educational Sector of the Indonesian Ark. Journal

of Indonesian Language and Literature Research, 1(2), 25-30.

Shadiqien, S. 2020. The Efectiveness of Online Learning Virtual Communication in the Psbb

Period. Mutakallimin; Journal of Communication Studies, 3(1), 11-21.

Sutirman. (2015). Efective Communication in Learning. Article in Efciency - Administrative

Studies, VI (2), pp. 109–121.

Tinelli, L. C. (2016). Re-conceptualizing the Rhetorical Triangle: Informal Contexts in First Year Composition. Dissertation, Ph.D., Pub No:10109866 University of Rochester. NY. https://urresearch.rochester.edu/institutionalPublicationPublicView.action?institutionalItemId=30415 downloaded on 28 March 2022 at 1:47 PM. Speech. Journal of Communication Studies, 12(1), 70-84.

Vardiansyah, D. (2008). Philosophy of Communication Science.

Varpio (2018). Using Rhetorical Appeals To Credibility, Logic, And Emotions To Increase Persuasiveness. Perspect Med Educ, 7 (3), 207–210.

Warschauer, M. (2001). Online communication. In R. Carter, The Cambridge guide to teaching English (pp. 207-212).

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. California


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.