Sistem Monitoring Energi Listrik Rumah Tangga Berbasis IoT Menggunakan Sensor PZEM-004T dan ESP32
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jte.2026.v17i3.006Abstrak
Konsumsi energi listrik sektor rumah tangga terus meningkat, namun pengguna umumnya belum memiliki sarana untuk memantau pemakaian daya secara real-time sehingga upaya penghematan energi sulit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem monitoring energi listrik rumah tangga berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) bernama ENERGIKU menggunakan sensor PZEM-004T dan mikrokontroler ESP32 yang dilengkapi dashboard web real-time berbasis WebSocket tanpa ketergantungan layanan cloud berbayar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancang bangun yang meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan perangkat keras dan lunak, implementasi, serta empat jenis pengujian, yaitu akurasi sensor, variasi beban, waktu respons, dan keandalan komunikasi. Akurasi divalidasi terhadap multimeter digital Sanwa RD700 sebagai instrumen acuan melalui sepuluh titik pengukuran berpasangan untuk tegangan, arus, dan daya, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metrik MAE, MAPE, dan RMSE. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sistem mencapai akurasi 99,65% untuk tegangan, 98,99% untuk arus, dan 98,98% untuk daya dengan MAPE di bawah 1,1% untuk seluruh parameter. Pengujian variasi beban pada rentang 5 W hingga 100 W menunjukkan respons arus yang linier terhadap perubahan daya. Waktu respons pembaruan dashboard rata-rata 2,09 detik dan komunikasi WebSocket mencapai packet delivery rate rata-rata 98,73% hingga jarak 20 meter. Sistem ENERGIKU terbukti mampu memantau konsumsi energi listrik rumah tangga secara akurat, andal, dan real-time.
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