Integrasi Rangkaian Pengkondisi Sinyal dan Kalman Filter Digital ESP32 Untuk Stabilisasi Data Sensor pH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/jte.2026.v17i3.007Abstrak
Pengukuran derajat keasaman (pH) menggunakan sensor berbasis elektroda analog berbiaya rendah sering kali menghadapi kendala ketidakstabilan sinyal keluaran akibat gangguan lingkungan, derau mekanis, dan turbulensi fluida. Permasalahan tersebut menjadi semakin kompleks saat diintegrasikan secara langsung pada mikrokontroler ESP32, karena antarmuka Analog to-Digital Converter (ADC) 12-bit bawaannya memiliki kelemahan struktural berupa profil non linearitas yang tinggi, fenomena zona mati (dead-zone) pada level tegangan rendah, serta kerentanan terhadap derau sirkuit internal. Penelitian ini mengusulkan solusi integrasi melalui perancangan rangkaian pengkondisi sinyal pada level perangkat keras dan implementasi algoritma Kalman Filter satu dimensi pada level perangkat lunak untuk meningkatkan akurasi akuisisi data. Rangkaian pengkondisi sinyal menggunakan penguat operasional tipe Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) berfungsi untuk melakukan pergeseran level tegangan sinyal bipolar menjadi unipolar positif, sekaligus meminimalisasi efek pembebanan pada impedansi tinggi elektroda sensor. Selanjutnya, algoritma Kalman Filter dieksekusi secara waktu nyata (real-time) dalam firmware sistem untuk melakukan estimasi rekursif guna menstabilkan fluktuasi pembacaan digital akibat derau frekuensi tinggi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa metode penyaring digital yang diusulkan mampu meredam lonjakan tegangan transien secara signifikan, menghasilkan kurva respons yang lebih stabil dan halus dibandingkan dengan metode akuisisi mentah. Implementasi sistem secara keseluruhan berhasil menstabilkan pembacaan derajat keasaman dengan tingkat galat minimal, yakni berada dalam rentang 1% hingga 8,5%. Solusi ini terbukti efektif dalam menjaga integritas data akuisisi pada sistem pemantauan kualitas air berbasis Internet of Things.
Unduhan
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The copyright to this article is transferred to Universitas Mercu Buana (UMB) if and when the article is accepted for publication. The undersigned hereby transfers any and all rights in and to the paper including without limitation all copyrights to UMB. The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the paper is original and that he/she is the author of the paper, except for material that is clearly identified as to its original source, with permission notices from the copyright owners where required. The undersigned represents that he/she has the power and authority to make and execute this assignment.
We declare that:
1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.
Furthermore, I/We hereby transfer the unlimited rights of publication of the above mentioned paper in whole to UMB. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The corresponding author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. This agreement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. After submission of this agreement signed by the corresponding author, changes of authorship or in the order of the authors listed will not be accepted.
Retained Rights/Terms and Conditions
1. Authors retain all proprietary rights in any process, procedure, or article of manufacture described in the Work.
2. Authors may reproduce or authorize others to reproduce the Work or derivative works for the authors personal use or for company use, provided that the source and the UMB copyright notice are indicated, the copies are not used in any way that implies UMB endorsement of a product or service of any employer, and the copies themselves are not offered for sale.
3. Although authors are permitted to re-use all or portions of the Work in other works, this does not include granting third-party requests for reprinting, republishing, or other types of re-use.
