Design and Build a 500 Watt Off-Grid Solar System Based on Internent of Things (IoT) for Real-Time Monitoring of Environmentally Friendly Energy.
Abstract
The increasing need for environmentally friendly energy sources encourages the development of renewable power systems, including Solar Power Plants (PLTS). Indonesia, with its abundant solar radiation, has great potential for implementing solar-based energy systems. This study focuses on the design and construction of a 500-watt off-grid PLTS system integrated with an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring system to provide an alternative, eco-friendly power source. The novelty of this study lies in the implementation of real-time monitoring through a NodeMCU microcontroller connected to the Blynk application, enabling remote observation of system performance parameters such as voltage, current, and power output.
The research employed an experimental approach consisting of system design, component assembly, and performance testing. The main components include polycrystalline solar panels, a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) as the solar charge controller, a 12V/35Ah battery, and a 500-watt inverter. The IoT-based monitoring system used the PZEM-004T sensor and DC voltage sensor connected to the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller. The testing results show that the 500-watt PLTS system can stably supply a total load of 313 watts for 2.35 hours under optimal sunlight conditions. The inverter output voltage averaged 230 VAC, while IoT monitoring data corresponded with manual measurements, indicating reliable system accuracy. The PLTS system successfully demonstrated stable performance, easy maintenance, and remote monitoring capability, making it suitable as an alternative energy solution for areas not covered by the PLN grid.
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