Perbaikan Tingkat Padam Listrik Pada Distribusi Energi Terbarukan Pada Area Terpencil Melalui IoT dan Internet Satelit : Studi Kasus Area Terpencil di Kalimantan Barat
Abstract
Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji model distribusi energi terbarukan berbasis integrasi teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) dan internet satelit pada sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) di wilayah terpencil, dengan fokus pada penurunan tingkat padam listrik dan peningkatan efisiensi distribusi energi. Permasalahan utama yang diangkat adalah tingginya frekuensi pemadaman listrik akibat ketidakseimbangan produksi dan konsumsi energi, keterbatasan infrastruktur komunikasi, serta kurangnya pemantauan dan pengendalian sistem secara real-time di daerah terpencil seperti Desa Upit, Kalimantan Barat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis simulasi, terapan dan eksperimen kuasi yaitu desain penelitian yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki hubungan sebab-akibat antara variabel, tetapi tidak menggunakan penugasan acak (randomisasi) pada subjek penelitian. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, serta monitoring perangkat IoT yang dipasang pada sistem PLTS. Bahwa data sekunder diperoleh dari literatur, laporan teknis, dan basis data meteorologi. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Multiple Energy Resources) untuk menentukan konfigurasi optimal sistem PLTS dengan mempertimbangkan variabel lingkungan (radiasi matahari, suhu, kelembapan) dan pola konsumsi energi masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan secara statistik deskriptif dan inferensial untuk mengevaluasi perubahan efisiensi sistem sebelum dan sesudah integrasi teknologi digital, guna meningkatkan efisiensi distribusi energi dan mengurangi pemborosan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem integrasi IoT dan internet satelit efektif menurunkan frekuensi padam listrik lebih dari 50% dalam waktu tiga bulan pengamatan. Efisiensi distribusi energi meningkat dari rata-rata 67% menjadi 89% setelah implementasi sistem terintegrasi. Selain itu, sistem monitoring dan kontrol jarak jauh berbasis IoT memudahkan operator dalam melakukan pemantauan dan pengendalian distribusi energi secara real-time, serta memungkinkan deteksi dini gangguan teknis sebelum terjadi pemutusan pasokan listrik. Penelitian memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan untuk mendukung akses energi bersih dan berkelanjutan di daerah terpencil.dengan karakteristik serupa, sehingga berpotensi mempercepat transisi energi terbarukan di daerah 3T (Tertinggal, Terdepan, Terluar) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan energi berkelanjutan serta mendukung pencapaian target nasional transisi energi bersih dan lebih inklusif.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/MBCIE.2025.34326
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