PENGARUH MASSA BANGUNAN DAN POLA PEMBAYANGAN SEBAGAI DAMPAK PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG BARU TERHADAP PELESTARIAN CAGAR BUDAYA NIAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2025.v15i2.002Keywords:
pembangunan gedung baru, cagar budaya, dampak pembayangan, gedung NIASAbstract
Pembangunan gedung baru di kawasan cagar budaya dapat menimbulkan tantangan dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara kebutuhan modernisasi dan pelestarian warisan sejarah. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak pembangunan Gedung Health Science Universitas Airlangga terhadap Gedung NIAS, yang merupakan bangunan cagar budaya nasional. Fokus utama penelitian adalah analisis pola pembayangan yang dihasilkan oleh gedung baru bertingkat tinggi (16 lantai) terhadap kondisi fisik bangunan cagar budaya di sekitarnya. Pembayangan dapat memberikan masalah krusial pada keberlanjutan material, keseimbangan iklim mikro, serta kelangsungan nilai visual dan historis bangunan bersejarah. Paparan sinar matahari yang tidak seimbang akibat pembayangan berlebih dapat meningkatkan kelembaban, memicu pertumbuhan jamur, pengelupasan cat, serta mempercepat kerusakan struktural. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan simulasi pembayangan menggunakan Curic Sun pada perangkat lunak SketchUp. Analisis dilakukan sepanjang tahun 2024 pada 5 (lima) sesi waktu (08.00, 10.00, 12.00, 14.00, dan 16.00 WIB). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa bangunan dengan kategori signifikansi istimewa mengalami pembayangan tambahan yang signifikan, terutama pada bulan April. Kondisi ini dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan material dan mempercepat degradasi elemen arsitektural, sehingga menegaskan pentingnya evaluasi pembayangan dalam rencana pembangunan di kawasan cagar budaya.
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