Efisiensi Hidrodinamis Pemecah Gelombang Tegak Komposit Balok Kotak Dan Tiang Pancang Dengan Pengisi Batuan
Keywords:
Pemecah gelombang, gundukan batu, gelombang, tiang pancang, model, hidrodinamis.Abstract
Sebagai negara kepulauan yang memiliki pantai terpanjang didunia, Indonesia membutuhkan banyak pemecah
gelombang (termasuk groin dan revetment) tidak hanya untuk melindungi pantai dari penggerusan tetapi juga
demi menjaga ketenangan air di kolam pelabuhan untuk manuver kapal dan operasi bongkar-muat. Akan tetapi,
sampai sekarang di Indonesia, banyak konstruksi pemecah gelombang dan revetment tidak memperhatikan teknik
pantai dan manajemen dengan baik. Ada banyak pemecah gelombang, groin dan revetment yang telah dibangun
untuk melindungi pantai-pantai yang kritis, tetapi perencanaan dan konstruksi tidak profesional sehingga mereka
tidak bertahan lama. Contoh terdekat adalah Pantai Tanjung Bunga, Makassar. Beberapa groin yang dibangun di
Pantai Akkarena rusak hanya dalam beberapa tahun. Sebuah pemecah gelombang yang terbuat dari silindersilinder
beton, runtuh sebelum selesai. Penyebab kelangkaan pembangunan pemecah gelombang (yang baik)
adalah biaya tinggi yang dibutuhkan akibat kesulitan bekerja di laut dan kebutuhan material (yang memenuhi
syarat) yang sangat banyak. Studi ini mencari jalan keluar berupa pemecah gelombang (vertikal) yang terbuat
dari balok-kotak, tiang-pancang dan pengisi beton. Telah diketahui bahwa pemecah gelombang gundukan batu
adalah yang paling efektif meredam energi gelombang (baik transmisi maupun refleksi), dan bahkan setelah
runtuh pun masih dapat berfungsi; dengan sedikit perbaikan pada kerusakan, ia akan berfungsi lagi semakin baik.
Persoalan utama adalah kebutuhan material yang sangat banyak, dan sebahagian harus dalam ukuran besar.
Material ini biasanya diperoleh dari peledakan gunung-gunung batu yang berkualitas baik (SG > 2.7), hal yang
sekarang sulit dilakukan karena issue lingkungan. Dengan pemecah gelombang vertikal, ukuran dan jumlah batu
yang dibutuhkan sangat berkurang.
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