ANALISIS MORFOLOGI KOTA TUA JAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN MAHZAB CONZENIAN
Abstract
Kota Tua Jakarta merupakan sebuah kawasan bersejarah di DKI Jakarta yang menjadi saksi sejarah perkembangan Kota Jakarta sebagai kota maju dan menjadi pusat perekonomian negara Indonesia. Kota Tua Jakarta memiliki pengaruh kolonialisme Belanda yang sangat kental dikarenakan merupakan pusat awal pemerintahan penjajahan Belanda di Indonesia dan awal perkembangan masyarakat kota Jakarta khususnya kaum pribumi yang ada disana. Morfologi atau perubahan kawasan Kota Tua dari zaman dahulu khususnya saat penjajahan Belanda hingga saat ini sangatlah menarik untuk dikaji lebih dalam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan analisa deskriptif kualitatif. Pemilihan periodisasi dipilih pada perubahan yang terlihat signifikan secara umum. Periode tersebut yaitu: Era Batavia (1520-1780), era Weltevreden (1780 - 1945) dan era modern (1945 - sekarang). Komponen kota dari peta-peta tersebut lalu dianalisis dengan mazhab Conzenian yang terdiri dari analisis jaringan jalan, analisis komposisi persil, analisis fungsi bangunan dalam persil, analisis fungsi lahan serta massa bangunan dalam ruang terbuka. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metoda literatur review dengan menggunakan sumber referensi dari berbagai macam buku, jurnal, artikel dan lain sebagainya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari perkembangan kawasan Kota Tua Jakarta dikarenakan kebutuhan kotanya menjadi lebih varian. Salah satunya yaitu pada komponen Jaringan Jalan yang berubah dari pengadaan jalur untuk kendaraan berkuda, lalu trem listrik hingga bus rapid transit.
The Old City of Jakarta is a historic area in DKI Jakarta which bears witness to the historical development of the City of Jakarta as a developed city and the center of the Indonesian economy. Kota Tua Jakarta has a very strong influence of Dutch colonialism because it was the initial center of the Dutch colonial government in Indonesia and the beginning of the development of the people of Jakarta, especially the indigenous people who were there. The morphology or changes in the Old City area from ancient times, especially during the Dutch colonial era until now, is very interesting to study more deeply. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The selection of periodization is chosen on changes that are seen to be significant in general. These periods are: the Batavia era (1520-1780), the Weltevreden era (1780 - 1945) and the modern era (1945 - present). The city components of the maps were then analyzed using the Conzenian school which consisted of road network analysis, plot composition analysis, building function analysis in parcels, land function analysis and building mass in open spaces. Data collection in this study used the literature review method by using reference sources from various books, journals, articles and so on. The results of the study show that there is an influence from the development of the Old City area of Jakarta because the needs of the city are becoming more varied. One of them is the Road Network component, which changes from providing lanes for equestrian vehicles, then electric trams to bus rapid transit.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2021.v11i1.006
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