EKSPLORASI KONSEP BERKELANJUTAN PADA ARSITEKTUR UMA FAFOE DI KABUPATEN MALAKA, NTT

Abstract

Zaman modern dengan kemajuan teknologi dan pertumbuhan penduduk mempengaruhi eksistensi arsitektur tradisional karena terbatasnya material alami akibat pembukaan lahan baru untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat. Perkembangan ini juga dirasakan oleh masyarakat di kampung Umakota, kabupaten Malaka, Nusa Tenggara Timur yang masih memiliki rumah tradisional tetapi mulai dianggap ketinggalan zaman. Salah satu rumah tradisional di kampung Umakota adalah uma fafoe yang merupakan salah satu dari 6 rumah adat yang berperan sebagai tempat dilaksanakannya ritual adat. Uma fafoe yang telah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan selama ini dapat menjadi referensi berkelanjutan bagi bangunan baru yang akan dibangun di lingkungan yang sama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan model  deskripsi eksploratif untuk menggali informasi secara mendalam tentang arsitektur uma fafoe. objek ditentukan dengan purposive sampling yang merujuk langsung pada rumah kepala suku di kampung Umakota ini untuk diobservasi, didukung dengan wawancara kepala suku sebagai narasumber yang dilengkapi dengan studi literatur. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengeksplorasi konsep keberlanjutan  dari keberlanjutan lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial pada uma fafoe. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa uma fafoe sangat adaptif dengan lingkungan dan bila ditinjau dari 3 prinsip dasar arsitektur berkelanjutan maka uma fafoe juga memenuhi ketiga aspek keberlanjutan yang disyaratkan yakni keberlanjutan lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial.

Modern times with technological advances and population growth affect the existence of traditional architecture because of the limited natural materials due to the opening of new land to meet the needs of the community. This development is also felt by the people in Umakota village, Malacca district, East Nusa Tenggara who still have traditional houses but are starting to be considered outdated. One of the traditional houses in Umakota village is uma fafoe which is one of 6 traditional houses that act as a place for carrying out traditional rituals. Uma fafoe which has adapted to the environment so far can be a sustainable reference for new buildings to be built in the same environment. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with an exploratory description model to explore in-depth information about the uma fafoe architecture. The object is determined by purposive sampling which refers directly to the house of the chief of the tribe in Umakota village for observation, supported by interviews with the chief of the tribe as a resource person who is equipped with a literature study. The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of sustainability from environmental, economic and social sustainability in uma fafoe. The results of this study indicate that uma fafoe is very adaptive to the environment and when viewed from the 3 basic principles of sustainable architecture, uma fafoe also fulfills the three required sustainability aspects, namely environmental, economic and social sustainability.