COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF VARIOUS ORGANIC WASTES DERIVED FROM ANIMALS AND PLANTS IN ANAEROBIC DIGESTION FOR BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Helena - Febrianti, Fajar Pendawa, Muhammad Rivaldo Hanitama, Rusdianasari Rusdianasari

Abstract


Abstract--Increased production of organic waste from the livestock, agriculture, urban, and agro-industrial sectors poses significant environmental challenges if not managed properly. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective technology for processing organic waste while producing renewable energy in the form of biogas. However, the performance of the AD process is greatly influenced by substrate characteristics, such as the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, lignocellulose content, nitrogen content, and chemical conditions of the substrate. This article aims to conduct a comparative review of various types of animal and plant-based organic waste used in biogas production through the AD process, with an emphasis on methane potential, operational constraints, and process optimization strategies. The method used is a narrative literature review of national and international journal articles discussing the utilization of livestock manure (cattle, chicken, pigs, and goats), food waste, lignocellulosic biomass (rice straw, water hyacinth, and grass), and agro-industrial liquid waste (tofu liquid waste and Palm Oil Mill Effluent/POME). The results of the study show that cow manure has good process stability but relatively moderate methane yield, while chicken and pig manure have higher methane potential but are susceptible to ammonia inhibition. Plant-based and agro-industrial waste generally has high energy potential, but faces obstacles in the form of slow hydrolysis, acidic pH, and nutrient imbalance. Based on the results of the study, anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) has been proven to be the most effective strategy for optimizing biogas production. This approach is able to balance the C/N ratio, increase buffer capacity, reduce inhibition effects, and improve microbiological stability. The combination of substrates that produces a mixed C/N ratio in the optimal range of 20–30 has been consistently reported to increase methane yield and AD process stability. Thus, substrate selection and formulation through co-digestion are key to developing an efficient and sustainable biogas system.

Keywords


Anaerobic digestion, biogas, organic waste, livestock manure, anaerobic co-digestion

Full Text:

PDF

References


REFERENCES

R. Kadam, S. Jo, J. Lee, K. Khanthong, H. Jang, and J. Park, “A Review on the Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Livestock Manures in the Context of Sustainable Waste Management,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 3, 2024, doi: 10.3390/en17030546.

K. Ahlberg-Eliasson, M. Westerholm, S. Isaksson, and A. Schnürer, “Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Manure and Influence of Organic Loading Rate and Temperature on Process Performance, Microbiology, and Methane Emission From Digestates,” 2021. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2021.740314.

S. P. P. Lohani, B. Dhungana, and M. Marsolek, “Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste with Livestock Manure: A Biogas Based Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals,” 2021. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3919710.

Y. Song, W. Qiao, M. Westerholm, G. Huang, M. J. Taherzadeh, and R. Dong, “Microbiological and Technological Insights on Anaerobic Digestion of Animal Manure: A Review,” Fermentation, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1–22, 2023, doi: 10.3390/fermentation9050436.

E. Mardawati, M. Z. Al Faruqy, and M. F. Wiyatna, “Produksi Biogas Co-digestion dari Kotoran Sapi, Limbah Buah Sayuran, dan Serasah Daun di Universitas Padjadjaran,” Biomass, Biorefinery, and Bioeconomy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 151–160, 2024.

I. N. Daiyan, L. Kalsum, and Y. Bow, “Capturing CO2 from Biogas by MEA (Monoethanolamine) using Packed Bed Scrubber,” J. Tek. Kim. dan Lingkung., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 105–112, 2020, doi: 10.33795/jtkl.v4i2.157.

M. Syaiful, Rusdianasari, L. Kalsum, E. Adriansyah, and Santoso, “Analysis Of Biogas Methane Quality At IRRC-WTE (Integrated Resource Recovery Center For Waste Treatment Energy) Jambi,” Lume, vol. 10, no. 05, p. 5, 2021, [Online]. Available: www.ijstr.org

B. L. Maluegha, T. V. Y. Ulaan, and M. K. Umboh, “PERANCANGAN DIGESTER UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN TERNAK BABI DI DESA RUMOONG BAWAH KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 167–174, 2020.

X. Yu et al., “Synergistic Effects of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Chicken Manure and Corn Stover in Batch and Continuous Modes,” Fermentation, vol. 9, no. 7, 2023, doi: 10.3390/fermentation9070666.

M. A. GANI and M. JELITA, “POTENSI BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN JERAMI PADI DAN KOTORAN AYAM PADA SUHU MESOFILIK DAN TERMOFILIK DENGAN RASIO C/N IDEAL M,” vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 305–318, 2025.

X. Wang, X. Lu, F. Li, and G. Yang, “Effects of temperature and Carbon-Nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the performance of anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure, chicken manure and rice straw: Focusing on ammonia inhibition,” PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1–7, 2014, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097265.

W. Lee, Y. Kim, H. Kim, and M. Kim, “Comparison of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Livestock Manure at Various Mixing Ratios under Mesophilic and Thermophilic Temperatures.pdf,” Sustainability, 2024.

Popi Febrianti, Nadiareta Sitorus, Desniorita Desniorita, and Miftahurrahmah Miftahurrahmah, “Pembuatan Biodigester Type Batch Skala 120 Liter untuk menghasilkan Biogas dari Campuran Bahan Baku Kotoran Kambing, Kotoran Ayam dan Limbah Sayur,” J. Sains dan Teknol., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 111–122, 2024, doi: 10.58169/saintek.v3i2.676.

A. S. Ayantokun, T. S. Matambo, C. Rashama, I. Van der Merwe, and J. A. Van Niekerk, “A critical review of food waste and poultry manure anaerobic co-digestion: an eco-friendly valorization for sustainable waste management and biogas production,” 2025. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2025.1695945.

Dayaningrat, Rusdianasari, L. Kalsum, E. Adriansyah, and Santoso, “Analysis Of Biogas Methane ( CH 4 ) Quality At Landfill Talang Gulo Jambi,” no. 06, pp. 16–18, 2021.

M. K. Saraswati and E. Rosyidah, “Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik Rumah Tangga sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Biogas Ramah Lingkungan,” Jurna Tek. dan Teknol. Indones., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 35–40, 2024.

A. A. Damayanti, Z. N. Fuadina, N. N. Azizah, Y. Karinta, and I. K. Mahardika, “Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Dalam Pembuatan Biogas Sebagai Sumber Energi Kebutuhan Hidup Sehari-Hari,” Eksergi, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 182, 2021, doi: 10.32497/eksergi.v17i03.2803.

Y. Sudarto, S. Salundik, and M. S. Soenarno, “Biogas Production from Tofu Liquid Waste with Cow Manure Mixture,” J. Tek. Pertan. Lampung (Journal Agric. Eng., vol. 12, no. 1, p. 82, 2023, doi: 10.23960/jtep-l.v12i1.82-95.

A. Adeputra, L. Kalsum, and A. Hasan, “CO2 and H2S Absorption in Tofu Liquid Waste Biogas using Packed Bed Scrubber with Variation of MEA Concentration and Flow Rate,” Int. J. Res. Vocat. Stud., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 23–28, 2023, doi: 10.53893/ijrvocas.v3i2.204.

W. Tomczak, M. Daniluk, and A. Kujawska, “Food Waste as Feedstock for Anaerobic Mono-Digestion Process,” Appl. Sci., vol. 14, no. 22, pp. 1–24, 2024, doi: 10.3390/app142210593.

A. Yonathan, A. R. Prasetya, and B. Pramudono, “Biogas production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): Consistency and pH study of the produced biogas,” J. Teknol. Kim. dan Ind., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 412–416, 2012, [Online]. Available: http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jtkiTelp/Fax:

A. Fairuz, A. Haryanto, and A. Tusi, “PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN AMPAS KELAPA DAN KULIT PISANG TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN SAPI,” J. Tek. Pertan. Lampung, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 91–98, 2015.

P. Y. Chang, Y. J. Chan, S. K. Arumugasamy, Y. K. Wan, and J. W. Lim, “Optimisation of anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent with biochar addition: Synergistic application of Artificial neural network and response Surface Methodology,” Fuel, vol. 398, no. June 2024, p. 135514, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135514.

G. Baek, D. Kim, J. Kim, H. Kim, and C. Lee, “Treatment of cattle manure by anaerobic co-digestion with food waste and pig manure: Methane yield and synergistic effect,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 13, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134737.

B. Zhong, X. An, F. Shen, W. An, and Q. Zhang, “Anaerobic Co-digestion of Rice Straw and Pig Manure Pretreated With a Cellulolytic Microflora: Methane Yield Evaluation and Kinetics Analysis,” 2021. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.579405.

C. Afrian, A. Haryanto, U. Hasanudin, and I. Zulkarnain, “PRODUKSI BIOGAS DARI CAMPURAN KOTORAN SAPI DENGAN RUMPUT GAJAH ( Pennisetum purpureum ) [ PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS FROM A MIXTURE OF COWDUNG AND ELEPHANT GRASS ( Pennisetum purpureum ) ],” J. Tek. Pertan. Lampung, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 23–30, 2017.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/jtm.v15i01.37434

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknik Mesin (Journal Of Mechanical Engineering)

Jurnal Teknik Mesin (JTM)
Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Mercu Buana
Jl. Meruya Selatan No. 01, Kembangan, Jakarta Barat 11650, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
Telp.: 021-5840815/ 021-5840816 (Hunting)
Fax.: 021-5871335

JTM is indexed by the following abstracting and indexing services:

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

View My Stats