Analisis Perbandingan Metode North West Corner (NWC), Vogel, Least Cost, dan Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) pada Optimasi Distribusi Beras antar Provinsi di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22441/pasti.2026.v20i1.002Kata Kunci:
beras, distribusi, supply, demand, jarak.Abstrak
Indonesia pada tahun 2025 dihadapkan pada permasalahan distribusi beras yang lambat, yang berdampak pada kelangkaan beras premium serta menyebabkan kenaikan harga yang signifikan. Harga beras premium meningkat dari Rp68.000 per 5 kg menjadi Rp90.000–Rp130.000 per 5 kg. Meskipun stok beras di gudang BULOG melimpah, distribusi yang tidak optimal berpotensi menghambat ketahanan pangan, meningkatkan risiko kerusakan beras, serta menimbulkan kerugian negara. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan alokasi distribusi beras optimal dari supply area ke demand area berdasarkan jarak terpendek guna meminimalkan total jarak pengiriman. Metode yang digunakan meliputi North West Corner (NWC), Vogel Approximation Method (VAM), Least Cost, dan Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Penelitian ini memiliki kontribusi akademik dengan menghubungkan pendekatan optimasi transportasi dengan kebijakan distribusi pangan nasional. Selain itu, kebaharuan penelitian ini terletak pada cakupan wilayah Indonesia secara nasional serta perbandingan empat metode optimasi dalam satu kerangka analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode Vogel merupakan solusi optimal dengan total jarak pengiriman 2,982,335.63 km.
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