ASPEK PERGERAKAN DAN KONEKTIVITAS MENUJU RUANG PUBLIK PADA GATED COMMUNITY

Edwina Dwinanda, Nurhikmah Budi Hartanti

Abstract


Gated community merupakan fenomena yang berkembang pesat pada kawasan perkotaan di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Konsep masyarakat hidup secara berkelompok yang semula berasal dari hunian berbasis kelompok etnis, berkembang menjadi kebutuhan akan rasa aman, prestis, dan menjadi gaya hidup dengan pembangunan batas fisik pada lingkungan perumahan dan akses keluar masuk terpusat dengan petugas keamanan. Terdapat pula dampak negatif dari konsep komunitas ini, di antaranya adalah keterbatasan pergerakan dan konektivitas terutama pada kepentingan pemenuhan kebutuhan penghuni di dalam gated community terhadap fasilitas-fasilitas umum sehari-hari. Sebuah perangkat penilaian terhadap praktik pembangunan kawasan berwawasan lingkungan telah dirumuskan oleh sebuah lembaga bernama Green Building Council Indonesia. Perangkat tersebut adalah greenship neighborhood rating tools yang di dalamnya terdapat satu dari lima kategori dengan persentase kontribusi nilai terbesar dibandingkan kategori lainnya, yaitu ketegori pergerakan dan konektivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan meneliti ketersediaan poin-poin yang tertera pada aspek pergerakan dan konektivitas pada sebuah kawasan mix use di township CitraRaya Tangerang.  Terlepas dari implementasi pemberian skor secara detil, penelitian ini terbatas pada langkah awal identifikasi tolok ukur untuk memenuhi variabel-variabel pendukung pergerakan dan konektivitas penghuni gated community terhadap ruang-ruang publik di sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif mulai dari pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder, pengolahan data, penyajian, dan analisisnya. Di akhir pengamatan, didapatkan hasil bahwa untuk memenuhi satu kategori dalam upaya mencapai kawasan kota yang baik menurut prinsip-prinsip greenship neighborhood, adalah tidak mudah dilakukan. Distrik Ecopolis CitraRaya Tangerang telah dilengkapi oleh berbagai ruang publik dan prasarana kebutuhan dasar manusia untuk mendukung aktivitas penghuni dengan jarak yang terjangkau oleh pejalan kaki, namun terdapat kendala pada pemenuhan variabel-variabel yang berkaitan dengan transportasi umum, penyediaan fasilitas bagi pesepeda, dan aksesibilitas universal.

 

Gated community is a phenomenon that is growing rapidly in urban areas in various parts of the world, including in Indonesia. The concept was originally came from residential based on ethnic groups, developed into the need for a sense of security, prestige, and became a lifestyle with the construction of physical boundaries surround the housing complex and centralized access going in to and out from the community equipped with security officers.There are also negative impacts from this community concept, including the limitations of movement and connectivity of residents in the gated community to reached daily public facilities. An assessment tool for the practice of developing environmentally friendly areas, named as Greenship Neighborhood Rating Tools, had been formulated by an institution called the Green Building Council Indonesia. There is one of five categories which had the largest percentage contribution value compared to other categories: movement and connectivity. This study aimed to examine the existance of points listed on aspects of movement and connectivity category in a mixed use area in  CitraRaya Tangerang called Ecopolis. Apart from the implementation of detailed scoring, this research was limited to the initial step of identifying benchmarks to met the variables supporting the movement and connectivity of gated communities’ residents to their surrounding public spaces.The research was conducted using qualitative-descriptive methods starting from primary and secondary data collection, data processing, presentation, and analysis. At the end of the observation, it was found that fulfilling one category in an effort to achieve a good urban area according to the principles of greenship neighborhood was not easy to do. The Ecopolis CitraRaya District of Tangerang has many public spaces and basic-needs infrasctructure to support daily residents’ activities, however, there is a lack of fulfillment of variables related to public transportation, provision of facilities for cyclists, and universal accessibility.

 


Keywords


gated community; greenship neighborhood; pergerakan; konektivitas

References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/vitruvian.2021.v11i1.010

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