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Pengembangan Model Optimasi Tangguh Time-Dependent Travel Times Vehicle Routing Problem
Abstract
Peningkatan laju urbanisasi dan perkembangan teknologi internet membuat permintaan kegiatan pengangkutan barang di kota besar semakin banyak. Hal ini menyebabkan berbagai permasalahan di kota, salah satunya yaitu kemacetan lalu lintas. Permasalahan-permasalahan ini mendorong munculnya konsep logistik perkotaan. Model vehicle routing problem (VRP) merupakan model utama untuk mengatasi permasalahan operasional distribusi barang. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kemacetan adalah membatasi pengantaran barang di jam-jam sibuk. Varian dari VRP yang dapat mengakomodasi ini adalah time-dependent vehicle routing problem (TDVRP) yang mempertimbangkan variasi dari waktu tempuh sepanjang hari dengan membagi jam per hari menjadi beberapa interval waktu sehingga waktu tempuh kendaraan disuatu interval waktu berbeda dengan interval waktu yang lainnya. Penelitian ini mengembangkan model TDVRP yang mengakomodasi ketidakpastian pada waktu tempuh dengan menggunakan pendekatan optimasi tangguh. Pengujian model dilakukan dengan bantuan software AMPL. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata total waktu tempuh model tangguh meningkat sekitar 2–3% dibandingkan model deterministik, namun variasi antar skenario sekitar 5%, yang menunjukkan tingkat ketangguhan dan kestabilan hasil yang baik terhadap ketidakpastian. Dengan demikian, model tangguh mampu memberikan solusi yang lebih andal untuk sistem logistik perkotaan.
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